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| | | Buddhism timeline |
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| c. 430 BC |
| | Siddartha Gautama, a prince in Nepal, leaves home to become a wandering ascetic | |
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| c. 424 BC |
| | Gautama Buddha preaches his first sermon, at Sarnath, setting out the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path | |
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| c. 424 BC |
| | Gautama, after a night of meditation under a pipal tree at Buddh Gaya, is 'enlightened' and becomes the Buddha | |
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| c. 420 BC |
| | Buddha introduces a vigorous tradition of monasticism, in the order of Buddhist monks known as Sangha | |
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| 272 BC |
| | Asoka, a devotee of Buddhism, wins the Mauryan throne and establishes India's first empire | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | Asoka, extending his rule over much of India, proclaims his Buddhist faith on pillars and in rock inscriptions | |
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